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In typesetting, the hook above () is a diacritic mark placed on top of vowels in the Vietnamese alphabet. In shape it looks like a tiny question mark without the dot underneath, or a tiny glottal stop. For example, a capital A with a hook is "Ả", and a lower case "u" with a hook is "ủ". The hook is usually written to the right of the circumflex in conventional Vietnamese orthography. If Vietnamese characters are unavailable, it is often replaced by a question mark after the vowel (VIQR encoding).
This diacritic functions as a tone marker, indicating a "mid falling" tone ( hỏi): which is "dipping" (˨˩˥) in Southern Vietnamese or "falling" (˧˩) in Northern Vietnamese; see . The Southern "dipping" tone is similar to the questioning intonation in English.
The hook above can be used as a tone marker, but is not regarded as part of the alphabet.
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